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山地:萨斯卡·里希特拍摄的越南照片

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2年前 1683 0

    “山地”参照Zomia的地理和社会科学概念调查了东南亚高地的生活和社会,Zomia将该地区理解为与各自占主导地位的低地社会在文化上不同,并试图挑战东南亚作为一个地区的文化统一的广泛认知和叙事。它突出了山区居民相对于各自低地社会的经典生活方式,并记录了他们为生存而进行的日常斗争。
      东南亚地区横跨越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、中国、印度和孟加拉国,面积约250万平方公里。居住在那里的大多数人都分散成数百种种族身份,在语言和文化上与山谷中主导国家核心的人口截然不同。据估计,少数民族人口约为8000万至1亿。山丘的人口比山谷的人口分散得多,文化多样性也更高,他们的历史最好被理解为低地国家建设进程中的逃亡历史。
A family is doing harvest work on their field, close to a river running through a valley. Rice is the main, and for some poor families the only, source of nutrition in the region. Harvesting season is the most crucial time of the year. The whole family works together to ensure the family's supply of food for the coming year.
      从历史上看,该地区的所有国家,包括古典国家、殖民国家和独立民族国家,都试图将这些人纳入其管理之下,并鼓励将经济、行政和文化吸收到国家核心的大多数人口中。从而使高地成为政治抵抗的空间和文化避难所。
      该地区不是通过政治团结,而是通过类似的山地农业、分散、流动、粗略的平等主义和躲避国家制度权威的文化庇护模式而联系在一起。崎岖的山脉和恶劣的景观为人们提供了一个家园,并塑造了在传统生计和现代结构之间平衡的环境。自然,今天,在我们快速增长、全球化的世界里,避免国家的选择正在迅速消失,对山区人民来说也是如此。  
A boy takes care of the family's herd of water buffaloes while his parents are working on their field. Many children need to support their families rather than going to school.A small village located at the foot of a mountain in Ha Giang province. The area is known for its karst topography and lack of water, making livelihood for the people dwelling in this region very hard.Portrait of girl in school wearing her traditio<em></em>nal dress.A twelve year old girl is taking care of her relatives during the day, while their parents are working on the fields.A girl is lost in thoughts while taking care of her little sister.A man rides through his village on a motorbike. Motorbikes are necessary means of transportation and bridging the long distances between remote villages and towns along the mountains.Children are performing to a Communist Party of Vietnam's song that is played every day at school. Most of the children do not understand the meaning as their mother to<em></em>ngue is not Vietnamese.View of a primary school. In the remote mountain areas many schools use cheap, natural materials, such as clay for their buildings. But some schools still cannot afford proper walls. Pupils are exposed to weather co<em></em>nditions even in winter, when the temperatures fall below freezing point.A group of girls is walking through a mudded street in their village after heavy rainfall.A boy is carrying home his crop, that will serve as food for the family's animals. Cane is one of the most common agricultural products in Ha Giang province. Because of its karst topography in certain areas it is very difficult to cultivate rice or grow vegetables.A boy collects paper trash in order to sell it for a<em></em>bout one dollar per kilogram on a nearby market. This way he helps to support the family's income.In the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam markets are held every Sunday. They are im<em></em>portant for selling and buying local agricultural products, household utensils, medicine and the occasion for social and cultural exchanges, also among people of different ethnic groups.Two men are peeling garlic to plant the seed as next year's crop.A group of people is negotiating the price for a water buffalo on a local market. Buffaloes can serve as farm animals as well as an investment, with prices ranging up to $2000.Portrait of a woman in her traditio<em></em>nal clothes, worn by Dao people.Women are using baskets to separate rice grain and straw as part of their harvest work.Girls are playing with sto<em></em>nes on a self-made board.Mountainland: Vietnamese Photographs | Sascha Richter

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